1. Modified Radical Mastectomy
The whole breast, including the breast tissue, skin, areola, and nipple, as well as the majority of the underarm (axillary) lymph nodes, are removed during a modified radical mastectomy (right).

2. Breast Conserving Surgery
The goal of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is to preserve as much of the healthy breast as possible while removing the malignancy. It is typical to remove some lymph nodes and good tissue as well. Depending on how much tissue is removed, breast-conserving procedures may also be referred to as lumpectomies, quadrantectomies, partial mastectomies, or segmental mastectomies.

3. Wide Local Excision
Surgical removal of a complete afflicted anatomical region with a large margin of clear skin (WLE) is an alternative to restricted excision of individual HS lesion(s) and preservation of intervening skin.

4. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Surgical removal of a complete afflicted anatomical region with a large margin of clear skin (WLE) is an alternative to restricted excision of individual HS lesion(s) and preservation of intervening skin.

5. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection
These lymph nodes can be removed by a technique called axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). What to anticipate ALND occurs after a sentinel lymph node biopsy reveals the presence of cancer cells. A muscle that runs down the side of the upper chest can be exactly below, above, or below a lymph node that can be removed using ALND.

6. Excisional Biopsy
A surgical operation in which the skin is sliced to completely remove a lump or suspicious region so that it may be examined under a microscope for disease symptoms.

7. Core Needle Biopsy
To collect a sample of cells from your body for laboratory analysis, you must undergo a needle biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are two common needle biopsy techniques. Muscles, bones, and other organs, such as the liver or lungs, can all be sampled via needle biopsy.

8. Augmentation Mammoplasty
Breast augmentation, sometimes referred to as augmentation mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to enlarge the breasts. Under breast tissue or chest muscles, breast implants are inserted. Breast augmentation is a strategy to boost confidence for some ladies.

9. Reduction Mammoplasty
A volumetric reduction of the breast is performed during a reduction mammoplasty. Additionally, it alters the breast's contour and realigns the nipple areola complex during the procedure.

10. Subcutaneous Mastectomy
The whole breast, excluding the nipple and areola, is removed during a subcutaneous mastectomy.

1. Total Thyroidectomy – Removal of the Whole Thyroid
An entire thyroid gland is removed during a total thyroidectomy. Patients who suffer from uncontrollable hyperthyroidism or goiter may also undergo this procedure to treat their symptoms. Thyroid cancer is the most common reason for this procedure, but goiters and hyperthyroidism may also be treated with it.

2. Sutureless Total Thyroidectomy
An ultrasound scalpel is a surgical shear that seals vessels while simultaneously coagulating tissues using high-frequency mechanical energy.

3. Minimally Invasive Thyroidectomy
A minimally invasive approach to thyroid tumor removal has gained popularity in recent years due to improvements in ultrasonography, color Doppler sonography, and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.

4. Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
With the advancement of technology, thyroid surgery can now be performed with advanced techniques. Small incisions are made over the armpit or chest area, some distance from the gland, for this surgery. The surgeon can be guided in the operation using an endoscope.

5. Robotic Thyroidectomy
One benefit of robotic thyroidectomy is that there won't be a scar on your neck, which is enough to convince many patients to adopt this freshly created surgical method.

6. Hemithyroidectomy – Removal of half the thyroid
Half of the thyroid gland is removed during a hemithyroidectomy. The goal of this treatment, also known as a thyroid lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy, is to eliminate nodules that are symptomatic or malignant.

7. Sutureless Hemithyroidectomy
The ultrasonic scalpel is a surgical shear that simultaneously seals blood vessels and coagulates tissue by using high-frequency mechanical energy. In order to evaluate the results of complete thyroidectomy performed using an ultrasonic scalpel vs the Ligasure device in terms of safety, operating time, overall drainage volume, complications, and hospital stay, we conducted a prospective research.

8. Surgery for Thyroid Cancer
Except for rare anaplastic thyroid tumours, surgery is the primary therapy in almost all thyroid cancer cases. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for thyroid cancer is generally followed by surgery to remove the tumour and all or part of the remaining thyroid gland.

9. Thyroidectomy with Central Compartment Lymph Node Dissection and Modified Radical Neck Dissection.
In all differentiated thyroid carcinomas, the central compartment (VIupper VII levels) is thought to constitute the initial echelon of nodal metastases. Particularly in individuals with cN0 illness, the justification for central neck dissection is still up for dispute. Some writers advise central neck dissection for lymph nodes that are questionable prior to surgery (either clinically or through ultrasonography), as well as for lymph node metastases found during surgery with a positive frozen section.

10. Retrosternal Goiter Excision by Neck
The goitre should be surgically removed, and this procedure should be done as as quickly as possible. In the majority of instances, individuals with retrosternal goitre may be successfully treated surgically by a simple neck incision, resulting in less stress and a faster recovery.

11. Retrosternal Goiter Excision by Median Sternotomy
A goitre that has at least 50% of its bulk in the mediastinum is said to be retrosternal. The preferred course of therapy is surgical removal, which may often be accomplished by a cervical route. This retrospective study's objective was to evaluate individual surgical care experiences for retrosternal goitres, specifically identifying the characteristics that necessitated sternotomies.

1. Parathyroid Adenoma Excision
Surgery to remove parathyroid tumours or glands is known as a parathyroidectomy. The parathyroid glands are located in your neck just behind the thyroid gland. Your body uses these glands to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.

2. Bilateral Neck Exploration for Parathyroids
Today, primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is acknowledged as a widespread condition. The gold standard for the surgical treatment of the condition has therefore emerged as bilateral neck exploration with detection of at least four parathyroid glands and removal of all hyperfunctioning tissue.

3. Open Parathyroidectomy
We will inspect all four of your parathyroid glands, two on each side of your neck, during an open parathyroidectomy, also known as bilateral exploration, and will choose which parathyroid gland(s) to remove based on size, colour, and texture.

4. Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
The term "minimally intrusive parathyroidectomy" (MIP) refers to any focused surgical technique that, prior to surgery, tries to locate and remove a single swollen parathyroid gland. In certain cases, this focused surgical technique may also permit inspection of the ipsilateral gland.

1. Open Adrenalectomy
The open adrenalectomy still has a significant place in the toolbox of adrenal surgeons. To keep you unconscious during the process, general anaesthesia is used throughout the surgery.

2. Laproscopic Adrenalectomy
Surgery to remove adrenal masses can be done safely and effectively with laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The advantages of this minimally invasive method over open resection are obvious. Successful outcomes should be anticipated with cautious patient selection and careful surgical technique.

1. Thymectomy
The thymus is removed during a thymectomy. With the use of treatment, especially steroids, myasthenia gravis typically results in remission.

2. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic (VATS) Thymectomy
A roll is put under the patient's shoulder, and the ipsilateral arm is held abducted over a cushioned L-screen to expose the axilla. The patient is then placed in a 30 degree semi-supine posture.

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